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FACTSHEET

Prevention of Exposure to Lead at Work in Indonesia

Which occupations have more risk of high lead exposure?

Shooters and especially shooting instructors (eg in the Police and Armed Forces) are at particular risk of high lead exposure because they typically use lead bullets. Risks are higher for shooters who practice in indoor shooting ranges (if these exist in Indonesia) (Rainier Ballistics Corporation 1992). People who have been shot but survived and have retained lead shot or bullet fragments in their bodies should have regular blood lead tests for the rest of their life, to determine whether lead is leaching from the lodged lead fragments into the bloodstream (LLSBS 2010). Cleaning and maintenance workers at shooting practice ranges are also at risk from the lead dust which (is emitted every time a gun is fired and) collects on soil, floors and other surfaces (MWSHP 2002).

There are many workers who are at serious risk of high lead exposure, particularly those workers in industries where activities as following are done:

  1. Lead acid batteries manufacture and breaking [the plastic casing of a battery has to be broken in order to remove the lead plates for re-use of recycling]

  2. Lead smelting, alloying, casting and refining

  3. Ceramic glaze mixing

  4. Removal and burning of lead old paint

  5. Spray painting of vehicles

  6. Renovating infrastructure or buildings where lead-based paint was used

  7. Lead fishing weight production

  8. Manufacturing lead compounds and lead glass

  9. Recovering lead from scrap or waste

  10. Steel bridge maintenance

  11. Brass, copper and lead foundries

  12. Radiator manufacturing and repair

  13. Car or boat maintenance

  14. Working with assay laboratories

  15. Furniture refinishing

People who work in electronic, plumbing and printing industries may also be at risk of exposure to lead, but the percentage is lower than people who work on the above activities (Source: HSE UK 2009, WorkSafe BC 2006 and Oregon DHS 2007).

How to prevent lead exposure in the work place

The first principle of preventing lead exposure at work is to institute the HIERARCHY OF CONTROLS (NSW WorkCover (2008) which are:

  1. substitute the lead hazard with another of lower risk

  2. isolate the lead hazard from the person put at risk

  3. minimise the lead risk by engineering means

  4. minimise the lead risk by administrative means

  5. provide personal protective equipment (PPE)

In more detail:

  1. Replacing lead material with non-lead material is one of the most effective ways to prevent lead exposure in the workplace. However, the replacement material needs to be safe and not contain hazardous material.

  2. Isolating the lead hazard, e.g. having a fume cupboard, where the worker can carry out the task without coming into direct contact with the fumes.

  3. Engineering control to eliminate lead exposure includes improving exhaust ventilation of the work area, and modified work processes to eliminate lead exposure.

  4. Administrative means of reducing lead exposure:  Increase awareness of workers about lead hazards in the workplace. This includes education and training in safe work procedures, maintenance of equipment, provision of separate food consumption areas, provision of good facilities for showers and hand-washing, and advice on safety hygiene, such as not biting one’s nails or chewing gum while during processing, washing hands before eating or drinking, removing work clothes and taking a shower before going home.

  5. Equipment must be used in the workplace to minimize lead exposure. This equipment may include safety clothes and respirators that are washed regularly and remain in good condition.

Lead exposure in the workplace can be prevented by minimizing the amount of lead with which the workers come in contact. All employers in lead industries must provide an exposure control plan to minimize the exposure of their employees to lead (WorkSafe BC 2006). Furthermore, signs must be posted in work areas containing hazardous material in order to warn the workers of potential hazards. In addition, the workers should always wear safety equipment and make sure the equipment is safe and in good condition. Exposure to dust and fume system collection also should be limited in the workplace (DHS 2010). It is also essential for employers to provide training and information to work safety with lead in all conditions whether it is an emergency or not (HSE UK 2009). Also, employers are required to monitor air quality in order to determine the level of lead exposure in the workplace. If air quality in the workplace contains lead above 30 micrograms per cubic meter (µg/m3), employers must provide a medical examination, including a blood-lead test every six months (permissible workplace exposure is below 50 µg/m3). If the employee has a high blood-lead level, the employer must transfer the employee to work in an area where they are not exposed to lead, and guarantee the employee the same benefits as their regular job (DHS 2010).

References - see Lead Poisoning in Indonesia

DISCLAIMER: The views expressed herein are not necessarily the views of the Australian Government, and the Australian Government does not accept responsibility for any information or advice contained herein.

PDF of this file

The LEAD Group Inc. Fact Sheet Index

NSW Lead Reference Centre and NSW Government Publications On this site

  1. About the Global Lead Advice and Support Service (GLASS)

  2. Main Sources of Lead

  3. How Would You Know If You or Your Child Was lead poisoned?

  4. Lead aware housekeeping

  5. Ceiling dust & lead poisoning

  6. Is your yard lead safe?
    你的院子是铅安全的吗

  7. Health Impacts of lead poisoning

  8. Rotary Questionnaire

  9. Lead poisoned Pets and Your Family

  10. Childhood Lead Poisoning Risk Factor Questionnaire

  11. Is Your Child Safe From Lead? - What Can You Do About Lead?

  12. Lead in Drinking Water in Australia

  13. Have We Really Resolved The Lead Issue?

  14. The Importance of the Availability of "Spot Tests" for Lead in Paint

  15. Pregnant or Planning a Pregnancy

  16. Breastfeeding and Lead

  17. Lead in breast milk

  18. Beware The Lead In Lead Lighting

  19. Renting and Lead

  20. What to do if you have too much lead in your tank water

  21. Lead Contamination in Stormwater

  22. Contamination At Shooting Ranges

  23. Banned: Leaded Wick Candles

  24. Lead, Ageing and Death
    铅,衰老和死亡

  25. Metal miniatures: How to minimise the risks of lead poisoning and contamination

  26. 7 Point Plan for the MANAGEMENT OF LEAD by Australian parents and carers

  27. Countries where Leaded Petrol is Possibly Still Sold for Road Use, As at 17th June 2011

  28. Lead Poisoning And The Brain - Cognitive Deficits And Mental Illness

  29. Facts and Firsts of Lead

  30. Lead mining royalties by state and territory

  31. Lead Mining Stewardship - Grey Lead and the Role of The LEAD Group

  32. Preventative Strategies of The LEAD Group

  33. What do Doctors need to do about Lead?

  34. A Naturopath's Experience Of Lead & People With Diagnosed Mental Illness

  35. Case File: Helping Manage Australian Lead in Petrol - How GLASS Works

  36. Glass Web & Service-Users, Experts & Volunteers, by Country; Countries with Leaded Petrol for Road Use & Worst Pollution

  37. Lead in ceiling dust

  38. Lead paint & ceiling dust management - how to do it lead-safely

  39. Esperance parliamentary inquiry follow-up factsheet: Where to from Here??
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  40. Broken Hill lead miners factsheet 1893 with Note 20081015

  41. Helping a Doctor Help 35,000 Lead-Poisoned People Around the Lead Smelter at La Oroya in Peru
    Ayuda a un doctor que ayuda 35,000 personas envenenadas por plomo alrededor de la fundidora de plomo en la Oroya-Peru
    案例档案:帮助一个医生救助在秘鲁的拉奥罗亚的铅冶炼厂周围的35000铅中毒的人民全球铅咨询和支持的服务机构是怎末工作的

  42. Fact sheet for Australian toy importers and traders

  43. Iron Nutrition & Lead Toxicity
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  44. Sanitarium-Are You getting Enough Iron

  45. Do-It-Yourself-Lead-Safe-Test-Kits-flyer

  46. Blood lead testing: who to test, when, and how to respond to the result

  47. Dangers of a blood lead level above 2 µg/dL and below 10 µg/dL to both adults and children
    血铅水平高于
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  48. Lead Exposure & Alzheimer’s Disease: Is There A Link?

  49. In CHINA - Blood lead testing: who to test, when, and how to respond to the result
    在中国血铅测试:谁应该去检查,什么时候,如何对待不同的测试结果

  50. Why you should have your ceiling dust removed before you take advantage of the Australian government's Energy Efficient Homes Package: Insulation Program

  51. Alperstein et al Lead Alert - A Guide For Health Professionals 1994

  52. Ceiling Dust WorkCover Guide Lee Schreiber Final Nov 1999

  53. What can I do about climate change AND lead?

  54. The Need for Expert Clinical Assessments in Diagnosis Of Heavy Metal Poisoning

  55. Why you should have your ceiling dust removed before you have insulation installed

  56. Thirty Thought-Starters on Ceiling Void Dust in Homes

  57. Pectin: Panacea for both lead poisoning and lead contamination

  58. Nutrients that reduce lead poisoning June 2010

  59. Lead poisoning and menopause

  60. Fact sheet For Schoolkids From Professor Knowlead About Lead

  61. Prevention of Exposure to Lead at Work in Indonesia

  62. Mencegah kontak dengan timbal di tempat kerja di Indonesia

  63. How to Protect Your Family from Lead in Indonesia

  64. Bagaimana melindungi keluargamu dari timbal di Indonesia

  65. Cigarette Smoking & Lead Toxicity
     صحيفة معلومات: التدخين والتسمم بالرصاص

  66. Medical Evaluation Questionnaire For Occupational Lead Exposure

  67. Dangers of a blood lead level above 2 µg/dL and below 10 µg/dL to children

  68. Dangers of a blood lead level above 2 µg/dL and below 10 µg/dL to adults

  69. Biosolids used as fertilizer in China and other countries
    在中国和其他国家生物固体作肥料

  70. What are the lead poisoning risks of a lead pellet, bullet or shot lodged in the body?

  71. Alcohol’s link to higher lead and iron levels

  72. USA Case Definition of Adult (including Occupational) & Child Elevated Blood Lead Levels (EBLL)

  73. Low Level Lead Exposure Harms Children - A Renewed Call for Primary Prevention

  74. Occupational Health & Safety Fact Sheet Dangers of lead for roofers

  75. Let’s Make Leaded Petrol History - Let’s Make Leaded Gasoline History

  76. Lead, Your Health & the Environment. Available in Arabic, Chinese, English, Korean, Macedonian, Spanish, Turkish and Vietnamese 

  77. Lead Safe Housekeeping

  78. Old Lead Paint

  79. Working safely with lead

  80. A Renovator's Guide To The Dangers Of Lead (Brochure 30 pages)

  81. A Guide For Health Care Professionals (Brochure 34 pages)

  82. A Guide To Keeping Your Family Safe From Lead (Brochure 20 pages)

  83. Lead Hazard Management In Children's Services (Brochure 15 pages)

  84. A Guide To Dealing With Soil That Might Be Lead-Contaminated

  85. Exposure Assessment: Lead Neurotoxicity - Is the Center for Disease Control's goal to reduce lead below 10 µg/dl blood in all children younger than 72 months by 2010, good enough?

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 Last Updated 01 May 2014
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